In recent years, the mammary glands cancer has already become a female malignant tumor outbreak a rate of first, early discover, early diagnose and early cure meaning of have the importance.The tumor related gene start son A Ji turns the change of appearance to occupy an important position in the mankind the tumor the occurrence of the member mechanism and several researches express, DNA A Ji turns occurrence to the mammary glands cancer and transfers adjust of related gene to control an important function.Pass an examination a sufferer particular gene A Ji to turn appearance to attain to diagnose a mammary glands cancer and make use of A Ji to turn depressant to cure a mammary glands cancer to have become domestic and international scholar to study in early days currently of a little bit hot.
The 1 DNA A Ji turns with tumor
For long time, the tumor occurrence mechanism has been surround a gene mutation, imperfection to cause a DNA sequence the change makes the cancer gene activate thus and suppress cancer gene to lose to live to carry on of, the research of recent years express, the important gene of some tumors didn’t take place the abnormality of imperfection or mutation, but just existed gene an expression of abnormality, put forward thus to gradually become to say a mechanism.It is a mammal heredity outside polish of main mechanism:Mainly turn a realization through DNA A Ji of, this kind of change has and can go against sex, hereditary.DNA A Ji turn is a sow in A Ji to transfer under the Mao(DNA methyltransferase, DNMT) function of the covalence chemistry polish, is a C in the afterbirth Mi Ding wreath 5 up the process of increment A Ji.In the vertebrates gene the set, DNA A Ji turns occurrence at the CPG two pit Mao sour fterbirth Mi Ding remnants Ji up, differ from a heredity change, although this kind of day after tomorrow variation is to inherit of don’t change pit the Mao sour sequence, and may converse.The mammal is about 3%~6% afterbirth Mi Dings be what A Ji turns, but about 70%~the CPG of the gene set of 80% mankind be what A Ji turn.This kind of DNA A Ji turns and can be transcribe level to adjust to control a gene expression, the A Ji which passes the CPG island afterbirth Mi Ding in son and nearby district of the gene start turns and can close a certain organization to live the cell unnecessary gene, but go to A Ji turn a function and can then guide organization particularity to live the activate of gene of the stage particularity.In normally the organization, extensive expression of gene start the son area CPG island be often placed in non- A Ji to turn appearance, in the tumor cell, these CPG islands often change into A Ji to turn appearance, it related gene of expression namely is close.A Ji’s turning to cause to transcribe to lose live parts of mechanisms has already been clarify and mainly include the following a few kinds: A Ji turn the direct interference sequence differently transcribes factor(such as AP 2, the E2 Fs and NF κ B) and combine of DNA especially;The CPG sequence that A Ji turn can recover to transcribe to be in conjunction with to repress repress of factor(like the mSin 3 As, DMAP1, TSG101 or the Mi2) to transcribe function;Pass to transfer Mao(HDAC) household a member a function change dyeing quality structure with set egg white B Mao but make a series of A Ji turn organization particularity gene and print vestige gene to lose to live influence to transcribe.
The A Ji of 2 mammary glands cancer related genes turn and meaning
A great deal of proof expresses that Gao Jia3 Ji of CPG island turn cancerous with mammary glands of the expression imperfection of a series of key gene relevant.The BRCA1 gene is mammary glands cancer and ovary cancer particularity to suppress cancer gene.High express at the normal mammary glands, ovary organization, but express imperfection usually in the mammary glands cancer and the ovary cancer the organization or under adjust.The current research think that in about 50% hereditary mammary glands the cancer, BRCA1 gene of can the hereditary mutation be a main member mechanism.But in send forth the sex mammary glands cancer seldom examine the BRCA1 gene mutation miscellaneous match sex imperfection.Catteau etc. application the southern print vestige analysis to send forth the BRCA1 gene start son A Ji in the sex mammary glands cancer to turn a circumstance, the BRCA1 of 11% cases start son Gao Jia3 Ji turn.Local Ping2 Jing3 waits usage A Ji to turn a different PCR method to analyze 93 to send forth a sex mammary glands cancer especially.Show that 29% BRCA1 gene start sub- abnormality A Jis turn as a result.It is thus clear that, in send forth the sex mammary glands cancer, A Ji turns the change of appearance is BRCA1 the gene lose an expression of one of the important mechanisms.The P16 is mankind to most familiarly suppress cancer gene in the tumor, is a cell period the egg white arouse Mao depressant.Its gene expression outcome p 16 egg white abilities and period egg white competition combine the cell period plain dependence to arouse Mao(CDK4、6), repress the cell period plain D and the CDK compound activity thus and keep cell from get into G1/S period, repress the abruption of cell and propagate.Currently domestic and international to mammary glands cancer’s p in the organization’s 16 gene variations and expression circumstance scholar the report way be different, generally think in the positive mammary glands pathological changes to have no p the variation of 16 genes, but about half of ps 16 genes present A Ji to turn a change in the mammary glands cancer the sufferer the organization, cent expect to be more and late, the lymphoid knot transfers more many sufferers, p 16 gene imperfection and mutation rate more high.Hint p 16 genes of the A Ji turn not only occurrence of participate the mammary glands cancer, and participate the progress of mammary glands cancer with transfer.The ER is a growth to regulate gene and its expression’s losing to live will cause the cell a series of biology change.ER’s losing an expression is an usually sexual affairs in the mammary glands cancer.But familiar gene’s losing the reason of expression the meanings, such as sex imperfection and mutation…etc. of the purely match of the gene be not big such as etc..The relevant research thinks that the A Ji of ER gene turns an abnormality to be that it loses a live main mechanism.Discovered in the normal mammary glands organization and the ER male mammary glands cancer cell fasten the ER gene cpg island A Ji turn, but the contrary circumstance appear in the ER feminine gender mammary glands cancer the cell fasten and at first the hair the mammary glands cancer the organization.Up skin calcium’s ising sticky to attach egg white(E － cadherin) is a kind of important calcium dependence sticky attach member.Can discover in at first the hair the mammary glands cancer match the mammary glands cancer the cell fasten the calcium glues the egg white gene A Ji to turn and lead to glue egg white into the calcium can obviously lower the mammary glands cancer cell growth ability, make it change toward the normal appearance.In the calcium glue the egg white expression the mammary glands cancer cell of the feminine gender fasten match the mammary glands at first the hair the tumor, the gene’s CPG island A Ji turns degree Gao, but doesn’t discover that A Ji turns a circumstance in the normal mammary glands the organization.
The 3 DNA A Ji turned in the mammary glands cancer to diagnose a medium application in early days
The CPG island is in the normal adult the organization general right and wrong A Ji turn of, but express to turn for the gene set low A Ji in the greatly parts of tumor the organization, some key of the tumor repress the part that son and growth regulate gene start son Gao Jia3 Ji to turn.CPG partial Gao Jia3 Ji of the island turn of emergence usually early at the cell of malignant increase to living, so a kind of selectivity’s taking DNA as basal earlier period to examine may have much of prospect for occurrence of predict the tumor.Wlee etc. of the research confirm that the GSTP1 gene A Ji turns in the prostate gland cancer the sufferer to has a high expression(100%), but have no detection in normally the prostate gland the organization and the positive prostate gland disease.SusanVHarden etc. discovers in the rightness the research of lung cancer that Gao Jia3 Ji who has various geneses turn, and has something to do with tumor prepare after, the Esteller even thinks it the outbreak is ex- to the cellule lung cancer of the earlier period diagnose sensitivity and can attain 100%.The correct diagnosis can provide an explicit direction for the treatment and apply a lot of learn such as the image at the clinical diagnosis method of the mammary glands disease, the cytology, histology, immunity set turn etc., these methods are effective, but exist an obvious blemish.They can then can judge whether lump has a cancer to change or not after discover that the ill nature advertises for elephant such as the lump.But A Ji turn the change of appearance usually appears before malignant pathological changes, Gao Jia3 Ji’s turn is the earlier period affairs of tumor occurrence, can cause the cell be easy to toward the malignant conversion, and the pathological changes usually shows that the A Ji of have the abnormality turn before the cancer.Therefore, make use of the examination blood, mammary glands pipe to secrete a liquid or flush a liquid in especially the A Ji of different gene turn the appearance as mammary glands cancer of the earlier period diagnose and the treatment and research after prepare provided new way of thinking.Compare start son Gao Jia3 Ji in the CPG island with other DNA variations in the mammary glands cancer to turn an examination to have advantage more, even is at in great quantities non- A Ji turn DNA existence of under the circumstance, A Ji’s turning DNA also can be examine also high particularity.For example, single Gao Jia3 Ji turns and can also pass a methylight technique to examine in 10 genes.Have already can examine from blood and pipe of mammary glands cancer sufferer flush a liquid A Ji turn of DNA.Examine the earlier period that the DNA that A Ji turn has already been confirm as well and can used for first step diagnosis or relapses in the disease to examine in the sufferer’s blood in Be predict index sign.The enunciation carries on metered A Ji to turn an analysis ability a precision a distinction pancreas cancer and other pancreas diseases to the pancreas in the Matsubayashi etc. of the research.Collect the nipple’s secreting a liquid to carry on A Ji to turn an examination has already confirm to can used for cancer in early days examine the right and wrong incursion even or bad become ex- damage.Need the problem of further study is:Should analyze which genes, should apply what technique the detection is turned a variety circumstance in the mammary glands cancer before the cancer pathological changes and tumor the progress by gene A Ji and find out to do one to the mammary glands cancer thus the accurate earlier period diagnose of the A Ji turn gene.
The 4 DNA A Ji turns in the application of the mammary glands cancer endocrine under medical treatment
In the clinical work, we all know that the ER emergence is the basis which carries on an endocrine treatment to the mammary glands cancer.About have 2/3 of mammary glands cancer sufferer ER expression level compare normal person Gao, this sufferer general endocrine treatment valid, the disease alleviate period long, but still is opposite one part of sufferer mammary glands cancer organization medium without ER expression, these sufferers generally prepare behind bad, the endocrine cure as well not sensitive, specially remarkable BE, inception ER masculine gender of the mammary glands cancer sufferer will have in the endocrine under medical treatment about 1/3 turn into feminine gender.Therefore, the study mammary glands’ cancer’s sufferer’s ER expression loses to live a mechanism to have important meaning to the curative effect which raises an endocrine treatment.The ER gene CPG island A Ji turns and may be one of the mechanism that the ER expression throws to lose and so go to A Ji to turn possible instauration ER again express of the gene.To mammary glands cancer sufferer to say, can again acquire the opportunity of endocrine treatment, doubtless ameliorable this prepare of part of suffererses after, raise their existence quality.So, the intervention converses DNA A Ji to turn can conduct and actions be a kind of direction which cures tumor.Currently at home and abroad all just in this aspect of the depressant of the applied DNMT and the HDAC make of the research try.Actually, the DNMT depressant is clinical ascend already in the leukemia, spinal cord growth badly advertise for etc. the disease application, but still be placed in to experiment a stage at the mammary glands cancer under medical treatment.The A Ji of classic turns depressant 5 nitrogen miscellaneous afterbirth Mao(5 aza cs)s miscellaneous with 5 nitrogens take off an oxygen afterbirth Mao(5 aza dcs) is an afterbirth Mi the similar thing of the Ding, they participate formative DNA and DNMT to become the activity that the covalence compound represses DNMT and converse the gene that quilt A Ji turn thus.In addition also developped different DNMT gene anti- righteousness few pit Mao is sour more especially, can directly cause the lose of DNMT live.Currently, on expecting the clinical trial to have been already express, the ER feminine gender mammary glands cancer cell stub to 5 aza dcs more the sensitive, its degree and DNMT level present just related.Bovenzi etc. application the MS PCR method examine 5 aza dc body outside mammary glands cancer cell stub MDA MB s 231 medium of anti-cancer activity, also equally showed a good anti-cancer function.In addition, HDAC depressant,such as phenybutyrate, already the FDA permission get into a clinical usage, but the research of this aspect also just just start, used for curing a mammary glands cancer to need date, many problems still need to be clarify such as the long-term performance of the poisonous side effect, medicine of 5 the aza Dcs etc
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