Leukemia’s ising the malignant tumor ［ which builds blood system is one ］ .In addition to bearing pain and sufferings that the disease bring, the leukemia sufferer also needs to face a society, family, economy of huge pressure, produce various badly mental reaction thus, these all of reactions isn’t a general medicine, nursing to can solve.Therefore, in the leukemia the treatment the process, the norm turn of the mental nursing seem to be very importance.
One clinical data
1.1 general data January, 2003 to December, 2005, my section accepts to cure of 167 of leukemia sufferer, male’s 92, female 75, the age is 12 years old~78 years old.
1.2 typical model data the sufferer be burnt some, male, 38 years old, northeast person, worker, with nasty pour a leukemia to go into of the 3rd days, because of the speech immodesty of medical personnel, the sufferer knows a body to suffer from a leukemia, scare not already, the barefoot rushes to come downstairs to go home and die because of the apoplexy in that day night.Sufferer, Li3 Mou3, , male, 24 years old, river south person, farmer, with nasty pour a leukemia to accept to cure, at its chemotherapy cleft, the parents visit(the 3 as met) from the home town far way, the sufferer is sad excessiveness, the motion lose control and the apoplexy dies after the 1 h.
2 leukemia sufferer’s mental characteristicses
After sufferer knows to suffer from a leukemia, its mental state reaction is divided into 2 ］s: three stage ［s:The motion shock expect:Have “motion shock”, “do not believe”, “not obedient” of different degree and deny an attitude, protest against with exasperation, subsequently appear melancholy, fear, strain, sleep obstacle, sense of incapability and despair;(have a suicide tendency)Beg Suo with shrink back a period:Sufferer by all manners investigate folks treatment project, do some impractical work a plan or cure a project;Know heaven’s will to expect with equanimity:The sufferer more can at quiet face the fact that will soon take place, treatment cooperation, the light degree suppresses Yu, worry anxiously, the later period be placed in negative and passive cope with, hopeless and do not help appearance.
3 leukemia sufferer’s mental problems
3.1 denials this kind of reaction will delay people to adopt progressively measure.
3.2 from disease with the result that of mental problem
3.2.1 fear and suspect to fear:BE attempt to get away from a certain and bad result or danger but again incapable for dint the output nervous motion ［ be 3 ］s and often express to lead for the strain, psychological stress don’t greatly and not wish to face the damage(if take off hair) of paroxysm molestation, facial appearance with death;Suspect:Often express for to the doubt of the family members and the medical personnel, these two kinds of mental interactions, make sufferer the mental burden be unusually heavy.
3.2.2 suppress Yu is 1 set with motion low fall for characteristic of motion appearance the ［ be 4 ］s.Light, melancholy, silent and little language, don’t wish to contact the person, lose confidence;Heavy, negative and cynical, even produce a suicide behavior.
3.2.3 worry anxiouslies can cause physiology and mental state two reactions and express a symptom and body for correspond to advertise for.
3.2.4 from pity with hate from fear and by luck mental conversion since then, even will have quilt.
3.3 from the treatment and the nursing with the result that of mental characteristics because of cultural degree, age, sex, personal personality, position of dissimilarity, same of language, action, will produce a different mental activity;The language of the medical personnel and the side effect of the operation, chemotherapy medicine etc., all can cause a sufferer unwell, from vulgar etc., end cause mentally of discomfort, even fear etc..
3.4 sufferer the influence of oneself factor accept and cure a sufferer of effect differ or relapse towards confirm hardly and often express for deny, fear, the motion be low to fall, cut up rough, in fear uneasy, worry anxiously etc..
3.5 chemotherapy medicine with the result that of the mental reaction be like hormone, can with the result that the motion is unsteady, the creation suppresses Yu or Xin pleasant sensation, L day door winter the Mao An Mao can make the sufferer appear spirit turbid, even Zhan wildly.
4 nursing methods and measure ［ 5 ］s
4.1 environments change political reform to bring trouble to create a peaceful, clean and neat, comfort, the degree of humidity be just right, safety of the treatment cultivate environment.
4.2 Xuans leak to appease a method to let a sufferer to heartily let out, speak without any inhibition, the nurse wants the patience to listen to, and give patience explanation with appease.
4.3 endure to let to tolerate a method comprehension and respect sufferer, with simple have no false humane spirit and universal love emotion, satisfy sufferer’s demand.
4.4 supports encourage a method with the benignity kind and reasonable and easy to get along with human relations attitude and make use of phonetic of technique, stabilize the sufferer’s motion, transfer sufferer negative mood, the adoption incorporate text and graphic of form, introduce the new technique, new progress of the blood academics of domestic and international forerunner for sufferer;Introduce many have already alleviate and survive over a long period of time of solid example education with encourage a sufferer, aggressive match treatment, overcome treatment palliation pain and sufferings bring.
4.5 comprehensions sympathize with method the nurse should have high responsibility and sympathy, the painful sufferer’s pain, miss a sufferer think, obtain the sufferer’s trust.
4.6 communicate a is a speech communication, then protect to suffer from its the exchanges of the language, is the important tool which carries out a mental nursing;Two right and wrong language communication, use a facial expression, look in the eyes, posture, act…etc. to carry on exchanges.
4.7 pacify care the method long disease and lie the sufferer of bed to give conciliation care and partial light and soft massage over a long period of time.
4.8 support system of the transfer families request family members to understand a condition, comprehend a sufferer, attain not to put blame on and don’t stimulate, make the sufferer feel come home a court, social warmth, set up to win paroxysm confidence.
4.9 knowledges declare teaching method nurse should according to the different object and the different mental characteristics, with popular easily understand of the language relate the side effect of the treatment plan, regulation and chemotherapy medicine and reply measure.Such as chemotherapy before, the nurse should elaborate on the reaction of the necessity and possibility occurrence of treatment and make the sufferer mentally have preparation.The chemotherapy period increment cruises to return to sufferer’s number of times, give the patience thoughtful care from the life, food, spirit…etc., strengthen emotion support, if sufferer appear a stomach and intestines way a toxicity to respond, should encourage a sufferer to enter simple elegance, tasty and little stimulate, rich contain high egg white, hot quantity, the high vitamin easily digests of food, and is many meals in response to the little food, absorb the high depletion that shortage and cancer bring machine body by complement, increase resistibility ［ 6 ］s.If when the sufferer appear to take off hair ［ 7 ］s(will hurt the sufferer’s sense of pride, cause motion pessimism) and some medicine to respond, should tell a sufferer that after the medicine stop using, the side effect can disappear gradually.
4.10 ego the nursing method inspire, help sufferer, carry on ego nursing, ego control with regulate, overcome with change bad of mental state reaction, keep good mental appearance, participate by equal position to ego of medical treatment activity, satisfy sufferer’s self-respect, self-renewal of mental state demand, recover from illness to create a beneficial condition for the body.In fine, the mental nursing not only can reduce the sufferer’s mental reaction, but also and directly can produce a treatment function, improvement machine the immunity function of the body, raise curative effect.Therefore, in the leukemia the sufferer the treatment the process, the nurse should have a high responsibility and patience, in time, elaboration analysis and control the leukemia sufferer’s mental problem, apply a mental nursing method to carry on mental nursing and health which aims at sex to educate, make the sufferer set up stubborn win the cancer evil will and confidence, aggressive match treatment, the exaltation alleviates a rate and raise life quality
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